A Brief Note On The American Civil War - 1521 Words

Vanessa Astorga Mrs. V History 101 19 April 2017 Civil War The American Civil War, that took place from 1861 to 1865, marked one of the most important changes in American history, it was fought between the Union and the Confederate States of America. A total of even southern states that left the Union to form their own country in order to protect the institution of slavery. The Civil War transformed the country’s economy, politics, women, African Americans, along with major breakthroughs in technology. The war increased northern prosperity, whereas the South s entire society quickly collapsed. The war s impact on northern society was positive, which led to an advancement in all aspects of northern life. The Union s economy held an†¦show more content†¦In addition, 90% of the nation s skilled workers were in the North†( Arrington). The north’s lust economy dominated over the country that help rebuild the United States as a country. The Union developed their own country in order to abolish the institution of slavery. The union was not going to allow the confederates to practice slavery. Many northern states favored the abolition of slavery. The southerners favored the institution of slavery and favored the power of state governments over the federal government. This caused a split in political parties and led to the formation of new parties in the United States. The Constitutional Union Party rose and was formed by former Whigs. The Constitutional Union Party s stance held in preserving the union by refusing to take sides on slavery. When it became obvious that support for the party was weak, many in the Constitutional Union Party attempted to join with Northern Democrats who supported appeasement. The United States defeated the Confederate States and abolished slavery nationwide.(America s Reconstruction People and Politics After the Civil War). During the Civil War, American women want to find a way to contribute to the war. Women in the North and South joined as volunteers and signed up to work as nurses. It was the first time in American history that women were allowed toShow MoreRelatedA Brief Note On The American Civil War920 Words   |  4 Pagesconsequence of the American Civil war is that it was the largest catastrophe in American history. â€Å"Approximately one in four soldiers that went to war never returned home.† There weren’t any cemeteries, burial details or messengers of loss. The army didn’t have the mechanisms needed to handle the amount of deaths the nation was gonna experience. It was the bloodiest conflict and there had been an unprecedented violence of battles such as Gettysburg, Shiloh and Antietam. â€Å"The Civil war was America’s costliestRead MoreA Brief Note On The American Civil War1540 Words   |  7 Pages The American Civil War is the bloodiest war in American history, claiming the lives of 720,00 solider and an indeterminable number of civilians. But these four years were a larger battle for survival against a third unseen enemy: disease. A battle that took two out of three soldiers from disease; most commonly pneumonia, dysentery, typhoid, tuberculosis, smallpox and malaria. Malaria was a constant threat to humans in all places with infected mosquitos. As seen in a census map of 1874,Read MoreA Brief Note On The American Civil War1203 Words   |  5 Pagesan amusing apology to your husband, a well-known writer and Civil War afficionado, for your previous lack of appreciation for his passion. Although you say you’re not sure â€Å"when or where† it happened, would you talk a bit about your change of heart and what led to your new and profound interest in the American Civil War and eventually to the writing of March? In the early 1990s we came to live in a small Virginia village where Civil War history is all around us. There are bullet scars on the bricksRead MoreA Brief Note On The American Civil War1375 Words   |  6 PagesCollege European Involvement in the Civil War Jillisa Halverson History 151 Instructor: Dan Anderson December 5, 2015 The American Civil War represents a significant period in United States history. In this essay we will explore foreign involvement in the Civil War. We will specifically look at the roles of France and Great Britain played and how they used military positioning in Canada and off the US coast to affect the war. Finally, we will look at which foreign entitiesRead MoreA Brief Note On The American Civil War2196 Words   |  9 PagesAmerican Civil War The American civil war that majorly involved wars amongst states took place between 1861 and 1865.The union was a term used at the Civil War in America with reference to the federal government of the U.S. The federal state was backed up by five border slave states and twenty free states. It, however, received opposition from the southern slave states that had decided to secede and join to form a confederacy. The civil war was, thus, between the North, which was referred toRead MoreA Brief Note On Sectionalism And The American Civil War1883 Words   |  8 PagesSectionalism, in it’s earliest American state was found in the early 1800’s. Tensions were high during this time, with Slavery becoming a much more Sectional issue. The South claimed Slavery a Necessary Evil, and that without it, the South’s economy would collapse. Many in the South believed it was a positive thing, providing slaves with shelter, food, and many cases, religion. On the opposite side, many northerners called for Abolition, or, the end of slavery (â€Å"Course Notes, Sectionalism and Slavery†)Read MoreCauses of the American Civil War Essay1181 Words   |  5 PagesThe Civil War was caused by a myriad of conflicting pressures, principles, and prejudices, fueled by sectional differences and pride, and set into motion by a most unlikely set of political events. From the colonial period in America where the institution of slavery began, through the period of the revolution whereby blood was shed to validate the notion that all men were created equal (yet slavery existed in all thirteen colonies), to the era of the Civil War itself, it is undoubtedly clear thatRead MoreHalf Slave And Half Free Essay1277 Words   |  6 Pageseruption of the Civil War. According to Levine, tension arose due to conflicting interests in the depths of the free-labor based economy of the North and the slave-labor based economy of the South which boiled up to a point that led the newly formed nation to a civil war. Levine starts off by giving a brief history of slavery and shifts to discussing the way in which it revolutionized the economy of America, and the role that it conveyed in the conflicts leading up to the Civil War. Slavery was crucialRead More Dorothea Dix Essay946 Words   |  4 PagesDix’s beliefs in to context. One of the links is to Notable American Unitarians and further directs the reader to biographies for people such as Frank Lloyd Wright, Linus Pauling, Adlai Stevenson, e.e. cummings and Pete Seeger. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;http://www.ana.org/hof/dixxdl.htm. This website for the American Nursing Association gives a very brief overview of Dix, relating to her induction into the ANA Hall of Fame in 1976. It notes that although she had no formal nursing training, she wasRead MorePresident Abraham Lincoln Delivered One Of The Most Famous Speeches1698 Words   |  7 PagesNovember 19, 1863 was the day when at the time President Abraham Lincoln delivered one of the most famous speeches in the American History. Lincolns brief but was powerful, Gettysburg Address described the United States as being a pivotal crossroads. While Lincoln credited with creating the â€Å"Government of the People, by the people,† it was really for the older countries. A while after Lincoln was invited to make a few remarks at a ceremony consecrating a new cemetery for the Union Soldiers. That

Educational System In Term Of Legitimation In Cambodia Free Essays

Education is one of societal establishment that makes society and the state sustainable and development. With instruction, people get cognition, accomplishments, wont, value, and morality, and attitude ( Roth Hok, 2004, p 3 ) . It provides the state work force in order to run into the challenge of globalisation of today competitory economic and technological development. We will write a custom essay sample on Educational System In Term Of Legitimation In Cambodia or any similar topic only for you Order Now Accord with the demands above, each state seek to construct up quality of instruction, enlarge and widespread the educational edifice centres, schools and universities everyplace in the state. Furthermore, they provide the opportunity to those who want to work on the educational sectors which aspect as private sector or organisation. Additionally, the educational establishment attempts to reform and bring forth more method, construction or other techniques to better the educational system. There are four maps of instruction: socialization, making, allotment and legitimation ( Historical Root Document ) in which each map plays really of import function and works in deferent facet that instruction go more and more effectual. In order to stabilise and develop the state more efficaciously, legitimation is one of the most of import maps, which have been using actively in instruction. In term of educational facet, legitimation is the tool to set up and associate the people in society. It provides norm, values and political orientation to stabilise the political power and besides cultural and societal individuality ( Historical Root Document ) . Cambodia is one of the development states which has merely emerged from the war that the instruction had been distracted to about nothing. Harmonizing to Mr. Heng stated that â€Å" Having passed four old ages of the barbarian genocidal government of the Pol Pot- Ieng Sary clique our substructure in the sphere of instruction and instruction is wholly shattered. â€Å" ( Ayres, 2003 ) . Now it has been fighting really hard to go the developed state by concentrating much on the instruction as the chief sector that instruction in term of legitimation has been applied more potentially in the Kampuchean context in order to stabilise, nationalise the state as a whole. Research Questions What is the chief factor to determine the course of study in Education? How did the instruction course of study in PRK and subsequently use the societal and national vision to the citizens? How effectual have the instruction system work in gestate the citizen for stabilising the state? Education in Cambodia in term of Legitimation In Cambodia, from one period to another, the course of study has been changed and reformed steadily to acquire a better quality and apprehension of the function of instruction policy in aspect societal and civic individualities and redefining or retracing national citizenship within the Kampuchean context. The course of study has been set and assimilated the political orientation to the immature Kampuchean to be harmony, peace, stableness and feeling of loving state and society and besides supports and serves their political power. The implicit in premise is that for procedures of educational alteration to be meaningful parts to national rapprochement and peace edifice in the context of individuality. Of cardinal concern were the policy issues that determine the function of schooling in the formation and transmittal of corporate individuality, memory, and sense of citizenship and of shared fate. Harmonizing to the course of study the pupils are provided to larn the topic that tell ab out the manner of life, the manner to talk, frock, base, sit, and walk, it besides provides norm, value and carry the immature Kampuchean to love and protect their ain national heritage ; moreover, the information the pupils get is to follow and back up the authorities context that the state become stableness, prosperity and development. General end of course of study in term of legitimation The ends and purposes of instruction are to develop human resources mentally, emotionally, and physically. It maintains accomplishments, experiences, morality, tolerance, cognition, cooperation, solidarity, patriotism, love of justness, human rights, environmental advocator, individuality and valuing national civilization and civilisation, regard for jurisprudence, holding self-independence, assurance, ability to work out day-to-day life jobs, creativeness, industry, duty, ability to advance one ‘s household wellbeing, engagement in national rehabilitation and development based of democracy and pluralism, , ( UNESCO statistical yearbook,1999 ) In PRK period In the period of People Republic Kampouchea government, the authorities was in left with nil in the custodies every bit good as the instruction system. ( Aryes, 2000 ) With the official authorities was empty thought related to the instruction theory and patterns, most of them were in the ground forces sectors. In add-on to this, the influence of cold war in the current flow of universe power between Russia and the United State ( Nayan Chanda, 2007 ) led to distribute the political orientation of socialism which affected on Cambodia authorities in instruction course of study. However the new educational plan had been announced officially in on July 30, 1979 in the PRK. The system had been put an consequence by Heng samrin. The new educational construction had been replaced by the disposal of Vietnamese and Gallic educational pattern. The primary school class had been divided into two three-year rhythm prior to 1975, was reduced into four class, secondary school six old ages to maximum three old ages rhythm. The 10 old ages construction and go uping totaling system followed the denote school classs, were really similar to those Vietnamese. Another characteristic of the system which the same as Vietnamese ‘s was the decentralized control. Provincial instruction commissions were vested with a high grade of duty for doing determination. ( Ayres, 2003 ) In that manner, instruction is to protect and construct the People ‘s Republic of Cambodia in to socialist state, ( Ayres, 2003 ) , so in the period the instruction is provided to the people in order to stabilise the state and better the political power. After PRK period 1990s After the election in 1993, The Cambodia fundamental law has rehabilitation programs, the schemes of MoEYS, the schemes of socioeconomic, and the existent national state of affairs the instruction reform policy had been accepted by the instruction system development commissions as the followers: The general instruction system from grade 11 to 12 old ages added 1year to primary school that the expression is 6+3+3, which is 6 old ages in primary school, 3 old ages in secondary school 3 old ages in high school. They besides increase up 6 hours per twenty-four hours in order to acquire the international criterion of 5,000 hours in which one category period 45 proceedingss in primary school and 50 proceedingss in secondary school. There 6 capable countries in primary and 8 topics in secondary school include foreign topics ( English or Gallic ) grade 5 in primary school upward. ( UNESCO statistical yearbook,1999 ) The end of course of study is to construct up the scholars life experience, work experience, cognition, accomplishments, values, personality, and wonts of making indispensable activities in their ain society every bit good as their ain state. Therefore they can be really of import plus to work more efficaciously to develop the state and broad pluralistic democracy. ( UNESCO statistical yearbook,1999 ) Decision The end of Basic Education is to develop utile citizens into a adept work force that possesses accomplishments and ability and general cognition to use for their existent societal life. They have ability to better their ain wellness ( physical and mental ) every bit good as the wellness households and their society. They besides feel assurance to hold ability to work out the jobs of their households and society, and the ability to do determinations and programs for a successful life. Tolerance and acknowledgment of the public assistance of other people, and public spirit with the sense of equality and empathy. Love of self-study to better their life accomplishments. , love of modern engineering, willingness to work with others, cognition and accomplishments in direction, and preparedness to keep occupations suited to their makings and penchants. Awareness of societal alterations and ability to accommodate themselves in order to develop their state with the spirit of national pride, l ove of their state, faith and male monarch and saving of the natural environment, natural resources and their traditional every bit good as international humanistic disciplines and civilization. How to cite Educational System In Term Of Legitimation In Cambodia, Essay examples

Sop for mis free essay sample

A passion to achieve expertise in Management and Information Systems and to be a part of the powerful technological workforce of my country, are the objectives to my Graduate Study. It would help hone my skills, earn proficiency and seek professional exposure. A graduate course would pave way to earn hands on experience and acquire specialization in the desired field of study. Build passion for knowledge rather than success This is the principle that I followed thorough out my career. Gain knowledge and rest follows is the thing that made me inspired.Since my childhood I have passion towards problem solving, cracking puzzles. Later on that transformed to passion towards machines and finally towards information technology. The rapid development in Information Technology and how it is helping mankind and making things easier, created quest to gain knowledge in computers. Personally I am not a whiz-kid but I am a steady performer. We will write a custom essay sample on Sop for mis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Have consistently maintained a good standard of performance in my academics since my childhood. I secured 64. 5% in the 10th grade(CBS) and 90. % in the 1 degrade examination conducted by the Intermediate Board , India. In my undergraduate studies, I have benefited from the breadth of Farmhand College Of Engineering, JAUNT syllabi content that has given me a comprehensive exposure to the core areas of Mechanical Engineering and a strong conceptual understanding of the same. During the course of study was exposed to C, JAVA and Data Base Management Systems that helped me gain excellent fundamentals of information Technology through a well structured curriculum. Restricting to one area study with tremendous competition around is not very helpful and the versatility of courses in this program amazes me and fosters my keenness in joining this program believe that this program along with my determination, hard work, perseverance and dedication will help me overcome all hurdles in my future endeavors. Rapidly advancing technology do necessitates mastering of a particular area, Hence intend to pursue graduate study in Management Information Systems.I believe managing information systems is the key to generate necessary inputs for a reflections to prepare a viable business strategy in order to succeed in todays competitive marketplace. In pursuit of these goals, I decided to apply MIS program at University of Illinois-Springfield and hence am ready to resign for my Assistant System Engineer post, received through campus recruitment from Data Consultancy Services. Sop for Mis free essay sample A passion to achieve expertise in Management and Information systems and to be a part of the powerful technological workforce of my country, are the objectives to my Graduate Study. It would help me to hone my skills, earn proficiency and seek professional exposure. A graduate course would pave way to earning hands-on experience and acquire specialization in the desired field of study. In my undergraduate studies, I have benefited from the breadth of Anna University’s syllabi content that has given me a comprehensive exposure to the core areas of Electronics Instrumentation Engineering and a strong conceptual understanding of the same, but that helped me gain excellent fundamentals of Technology through a well-structured curriculum. During the course of study I was exposed to the fundamentals of Principles of Management. Restricting to one area of study with tremendous competition around is not very helpful and the versatility of courses in this Program fosters my keenness in joining this program. We will write a custom essay sample on Sop for Mis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I believe that this program along with my determination, hard work, perseverance and dedication will help me overcome all hurdles in my future endeavors. Rapidly advancing technology do necessitates mastering of a particular area, Hence I intend to pursue graduate study in â€Å"Management Information Sciences†. MIS program provides the kind of exposure needed to broaden my thinking and undo my insular prejudices that might be still prevalent in me. In a university of such confluence of people from every culture, nationality, religion and ideology, I am sure that exposure to these kinds of diverse influences would aid in the overall development of my personality. I also believe that I have better chances of updating and scaling up my knowledge in your University through this program. I aver that I shall work to the best of my capabilities and utilize every opportunity given to me in the best possible way. I will be much obliged if I can be admitted into the program, which has eminent professors, state-of -art infrastructure and an amicable environment. I am confident of realizing my goals and developing my personality, if admitted into your esteemed program. I would like to add that the essence of University education lies in the synergetic relationship between the student and his department. I feel that graduate study in the department of MIS will be the most logical extension of my academic pursuits and a major step towards achieving my objectives.

ROSIE ROBERTS Essays - Casual Sex, Human Sexuality, Occupations

ROSIE ROBERTS 1. Explication of the poem In this short poem the poet, Edgar Lee Masters, focuses on the miserable and dangerous living conditions of a prostitute. Through Rosie Roberts character, the poet portrays "the crooked game of life." Rosie Roberts was a prostitute who used to work in a whore house called Madam Lou's located in Peoria. One night at Madam Lou's, she had a fight with her customer who was a rich son of a Merchant. He beat her when she said that she was not interested in selling her body to him. She wanted to spend the night with someone else. In the end, she shoots and kills him in self defense. The man's wealthy family tried to hide the scandal from breaking that their son died in a whore house. They mentioned in the newspaper that he accidentally killed himself while cleaning his gun. After this incident, she was removed from the whore house and was taken to her girlhood home in Spoon River. There she became sick, probably because of some disease or emotional breakdown for the crime she committed. She was angry at the crooked policemen and the Merchant Prince for burying the truth. She wanted to let the truth be known, so she wrote to the Chief of police at Peoria, confessing about her crime. This shows that despite the fact she was a prostitute, she had a conscience. This makes her a better person. 2. Biography poem Line 1 Rosie Line 2 bold, dignified, courageous, honest. Line 3 Relative of the streets, sweetheart of men. Line 4 Lover of attention, money, and honesty. Line 5 Who feels sick, angry, and guilt for her crime. Line 6 Who needs companionship, affection, and justice to ease her pain. Line 7 Who fears illness, dull life in Spoon River, and death without exposing the truth. Line 8 Who gives tension, hostility, and death to the Merchant's son. Line 9 Who would like to see that she gets away from her girlhood home, she tells the police about her crime, and she is punished for the crime she committed. Line 10 Resident of Spoon River Line 11 Roberts 3. Character explanation Rosie Roberts seems to be one of the top prostitutes of Madam Lou's. Rich men, such as Merchant's son, want to spend a night with her. What makes Rosie different from the other prostitutes is her strong sense of dignity and courage. She does not give away herself to every man for the sake of money. She has her own priorities, likes and dislikes. She refuses to spend the night with the rich Merchant's son who is ready to give her a lot of money. She is courageous enough to not be intimidated by his high position and violent behavior. When he hits her, she boldly defends herself. Although Rosie Robert does not mind selling her body for money, she has a pure heart. She hates the dishonesty of the policemen and the merchant for burying the truth from the world about the crime she committed in order to preserve the merchants reputation. This uplifts her character. Even though her profession as a prostitute has stripped her outward modesty, she still has maintained the modesty of being sincere. She knows that she is guilty of murder and deserves punishment. The loneliness and passive life in Spoon River further intensifies her sense of guilt. She fears "wasting away" and dying with the truth buried inside her heart. She shows great courage and boldness in writing a letter to the Chief of Police telling him the details of her crime. 3.Character explanation Rosie Roberts seems to be one of the top prostitutes of Madam Lou's. Rich men, such as Merchant's son, want to spend a night with her. What makes Rosie different from the other prostitutes is her strong sense of dignity and courage. She does not give away herself to every man for the sake of money. She has her own priorities, likes and dislikes. She refuses to spend the night with the rich Merchant's son who is ready to give her a lot of money. She is courageous enough to not be intimidated by his high position and violent behavior. When he hits her, she

Get Research Experience to Get Into Graduate School

Get Research Experience to Get Into Graduate School Applicants to graduate school encounter fierce competition for admission and funding in todays competitive market. How can you increase your odds of acceptance, and better yet, funding? Get research experience by assisting a faculty member to conduct his or her research. As a research assistant, youll have an exciting opportunity to do the research rather than just read about it and get important experience that will make you stand out in the graduate admissions pile. Why Become a Research Assistant? Aside from the thrill of generating new knowledge, assisting a professor with research provides many other valuable opportunities including: Gaining skills and knowledge that arent easily learned in the classroomWorking one-on-one with a faculty memberExposure to methods and techniques that will help you complete your research and dissertation.Get writing and public speaking practice by submitting papers to professional conferences and journalsDevelop a mentoring relationship with a faculty memberGet outstanding letters of recommendation Engaging in research is a worthwhile experience, regardless of whether you choose to attend graduate school, because it provides you with the opportunity to think, organize information, and demonstrate your commitment, reliability, and capacity for research. What Does a Research Assistant Do? What will be expected of you as a research assistant? Your experience will vary by the faculty member, project, and discipline. Some assistants might administer surveys, maintain and operate lab equipment, or care for animals. Others might code and enter data, make photocopies, or write literature reviews. What general tasks can you expect? Collect data by administering surveys, interviews, or running research protocolsScore, code, and enter data into a spreadsheet or statistical analysis programConduct general library research including literature searches, making copies of articles, and ordering unavailable articles and books through interlibrary loanDevelop new research ideasUse computer skills such as word processing, spreadsheet, scheduling and statistical analysis programsAssist in preparing submissions for local or regional conferences and, if accepted, work on poster or oral presentations for professional conferencesAssist faculty in preparing a manuscript to submit the results of your collaborative research to a scientific journal So, youre convinced of the value of research experience to your  graduate school application. Now what? How Do You Get Involved as a Research Assistant? First and foremost, you should perform well in class, and be motivated and visible in your department. Let faculty know that youre interested in getting involved in research. Approach faculty during office hours and ask for leads on who might be looking for  research assistants. When you find a faculty member who is looking for an assistant, carefully and honestly describe what you can offer (computer skills, Internet skills, statistical skills, and the number of hours per week youre available). Let the faculty member know that youre willing to work hard (be honest!). Ask about specific requirements such as the duration of the project, what your responsibilities will be, and the length of commitment (a semester or a year?). Remember that while you might not find anyone working on a project that you find fascinating, you will obtain excellent experience; besides your interests most likely will change as you gain more experience and education. Benefits for Faculty Youre now aware that there are many benefits to getting involved in research. Did you know that there are benefits for faculty too? They get a hardworking student to do some labor-intensive parts of research. Faculty often depend on students to further their research programs. Many  faculty  members  have ideas for studies that they dont have time to conduct   motivated students  can pick up projects and help to further  faculty research programs. If you develop a relationship with a faculty member, you might be able to help him or her conduct a project that may otherwise remain shelved for lack of time. Involving undergraduates in research also offers the opportunity for faculty to witness a students professional growth, which can be quite rewarding. As you can see, student-professor research relationships offer benefits to all involved; however, the commitment to become a research assistant is a big one. Its your responsibility to ensure that aspects of the research project get done. The faculty member will count on you to get it done right. Your performance here can give faculty members lots of good things to write in letters of recommendation. If you complete tasks competently, you might be asked to take on more responsibility and you will earn excellent letters of recommendation. However, there is a positive payoff from conducting research with faculty only if you perform competent work consistently. If you dont take the commitment seriously, are unreliable, or make repeated mistakes, your relationship with the faculty member will suffer (as will your recommendation). If you decide to work with a faculty member on his or her research, treat it as a primary responsibility and reap the rewards.

Soviets Change the Calendar

Soviets Change the Calendar When the Soviets took over Russia during the October Revolution of 1917, their goal was to drastically change society. One way they attempted to do this was by changing the calendar. In 1929, they created the Soviet Eternal Calendar, which changed the structure of the week, month, and the year. Learn more about the history of the calendar and how the Soviets changed it. History of the Calendar For thousands of years, people have been working to create an accurate calendar. One of the first types of calendars was based on lunar months. However, while lunar months were easy to calculate because the moons phases were clearly visible to all, they have no correlation with the solar year. This posed a problem for both hunters and gatherers - and even more so for farmers - who needed an accurate way to predict seasons. Ancient Egyptians, although not necessarily known for their skills in mathematics, were the first to calculate a solar year. Perhaps they were the first because of their dependence on the natural rhythm of the Nile, whose rising and flooding was closely tied to seasons. As early as 4241 BCE, the Egyptians had created a calendar made up of 12 months of 30 days, plus five extra days at the end of the year. This 365-day calendar was amazingly accurate for a people who still did not know the Earth revolved around the sun. Of course, since the actual solar year is 365.2424 days long, this ancient Egyptian calendar was not perfect. Over time, seasons would gradually shift through all twelve months, making it through the entire year in 1,460 years. Caesar Makes Reforms In 46 BCE, Julius Caesar, aided by Alexandrian astronomer Sosigenes, revamped the calendar. In what is now known as the Julian calendar, Caesar created a yearly calendar of 365 days, divided into 12 months. Realizing that a solar year was closer to 365 1/4 days rather than just 365, Caesar added one extra day to the calendar every four years. Although the Julian calendar was much more accurate than the Egyptian calendar, it was longer than the actual solar year by 11 minutes and 14 seconds. That may not seem like much, but over several centuries, the miscalculation became noticeable. Catholic Change to the Calendar In 1582 CE, Pope Gregory XIII ordered a small reform to the Julian calendar. He established that every centennial year (such as 1800, 1900, etc.) would not be a leap year (like it otherwise would have been in the Julian calendar), except if the centennial year could be divided by 400. (This is why the year 2000 was a leap year.) Included in the new calendar was a one-time readjustment of the date. Pope Gregory XIII ordered that in 1582, October 4 would be followed by October 15 to fix the missing time created by the Julian calendar. However, since this new calendar reform was created by a Catholic pope, not every country jumped to make the change. While England and the American colonies finally switched over to what became known as the Gregorian calendar in 1752, Japan didnt accept it until 1873, Egypt until 1875, and China in 1912. Lenins Changes Although there had been discussion and petitions in Russia to switch to the new calendar, the tsar never approved its adoption.  After the Soviets successfully took over Russia in 1917, V.I. Lenin agreed that the Soviet Union should join the rest of the world in using the Gregorian calendar. In addition, to fix the date, the Soviets ordered that February 1, 1918 would actually become February 14, 1918. (This change of date still causes some confusion; for example, the Soviet takeover of Russia, known as the October Revolution, took place in November in the new calendar.) The Soviet Eternal Calendar This was not the last time the Soviets were to change their calendar. Analyzing every aspect of society, the Soviets looked closely at the calendar. Although each day is based on daylight and nighttime, each month could be correlated to the lunar cycle, and each year is based on the time the Earth takes to circumnavigate the sun, the idea of a week was a purely arbitrary amount of time. The seven-day week has a long history, which the Soviets identified with religion since the Bible states that God worked for six days and then took the seventh day to rest. In 1929, the Soviets created a new calendar, known as the Soviet Eternal Calendar. Although keeping the 365-day year, the Soviets created a five-day week, with every six weeks equaling a month. To account for the missing five days (or six in a leap year), there were five (or six) holidays placed throughout the year.   A Five-Day Week The five-day week consisted of four days of work and one day off. However, the day off was not the same for everyone. Intending to keep factories running continuously, workers would take staggered days off. Each individual was assigned a color (yellow, pink, red, purple, or green), which corresponded with which of the five days of the week they would take off. Unfortunately, this did not increase productivity. In part because it ruined family life since many family members would have different days off from work. Also, the machines could not handle constant use and would often break down. It Didnt Work In December 1931, the Soviets switched to a six-day week in which everyone received the same day off. Although this helped rid the country of the religious Sunday concept and allowed families to spend time together on their day off, it did not increase efficiency. In 1940, the Soviets restored the seven-day week.

Floating World in Japanese art history Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Floating World in Japanese art history - Essay Example Asai Ryoi wrote his famous Tales of the Floating World (Ukiyo-monogatari) in 1661 and describes the floating world thus: "Living only for the moment, savouring the moon, the snow, the cherry blossoms and the maple leaves, singing songs, loving sake, women and poetry, letting oneself drift, buoyant and carefree, like a gourd carried along with the river current† (History of Ukiyo-e Woodblock Print). The floating world became a centre of refinement, art, culture and elegance and led the tone in a bourgeois society that gained the confidence to lead the taste in art and fashion. Although officially looked down upon by aristocratic circles, the world of courtesans, actors, entertainers and gentlemen of private means was more or less openly admired and copied. Japanese courtesans enjoyed a very high status in society, comparable perhaps, only to the very few privileged maitresses en titre at the French court during the 17th and 18th century, and the higher ranking courtesans were well educated in literature, music and the art of conversation as well as leaders in style and fashion. The pleasure districts of Edo (Tokyo), Osaka and Kyoto provided a lively background and meeting place for the merchant class and the demimonde. The most prolific era for the arts in Japan was the Genroku period from 1680 to 1730. Literature, painting, poetry, but also the sciences, flourished during this period and the arts were encouraged by the shogun (military ruler) whose seat was in Edo (Tokyo). At the time of the Japanese shogunate the emperor was sidelined – he was a powerless figurehead reduced to conducting ceremonies and composing poetry. His seat was in Kyoto, well removed from the centre of power in Edo. Japanese society was divided into four strata: the nobility (samurai), who held all political power, the peasants, who in theory were second only to the nobility, as they provided rice for the nation (Hibbett, 2002) and were therefore of fundamental importance, and

Architectural Criticism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Architectural Criticism - Essay Example Conventionally, each structural designer would wish to demonstrate considerable styles of modernity in his or her work (Roper 13). This explains why modern buildings convey aspects of contemporary art and delusional creativity. Practically, ideologies motivating advancement in architecture result from dynamics within the consumer market. Public and private consumers need real estate assets with unique aesthetic value. In this regard, we will appraise a current architectural development within the public platform, and understand the depth and breadth of objective concerns underlying such developments. The London Olympic Stadium In the recent past, London 2012 Olympic Stadium featured as one of the most controversial architectural design in the world. The 80,000 capacity stadium is located in Stratford’s Olympic park, in England. Its sole purpose of construction was to host final track and field events for the concluded 2012 Olympic Games. It is famous for hosting numerous elite political and social personalities during the opening ceremonies, including the iconic sky fall of James Bond. This stadium was designed by Sir Robert McAlpine in 2007. McAlpine was previously known for playing a supportive role in designing the spectacular Wembley Stadium in England (Lewis 28). After completion of all design prospects, construction commenced in November 2008 and ended in February 2011. Upon completion, the stadium’s design capacity was estimated at 80,000, with 25,000 permanent seats and 55,000 temporary ones. Apart from the sitting space, the facility also housed numerous changing rooms, parking garages and toilets for participating athletes and spectators. Architectural Facts about the Stadium On completion, Olympic Stadium was identified as one of the most spectacular public structures in the world. Such credit results from the fact that the stadium has unique architectural designs, with significant touch of fantasy and modernity. All the 55,000 temporar y seats are located on the top tier, which is detachable from the main part of the stadium. After completion of the games, the top tier was removed leaving only 25,000 seats on the lower decks (Roper 16). The aspect of including a dismountable upper deck was meant to address the issue of rigidity or permanence of the structure after Olympics. It was possible that Stratford would not get another foreseeable opportunity to host major sporting events like the 2012 summer games. With respect to this premise, designers would dismantle the structure into a small stadium with a conventional capacity for local events. Above the removable tier was a cable-supported roof made of glass. According to the design specifications, transparency of the roof would eliminate the need of artificial illumination during daytime events. Both the upper tier and the roof were supported by lightweight steel frames and low-carbon concrete (Bullivant 01). Actually, concrete used contained approximately 40% less carbon compared to normal concrete. This technical specification was meant to enhance implementation of green energy principles in sporting events. Use of low-carbon concrete is in line with England’s goals of promoting use of renewable energy sources. Despite its role in addressing green energy objectives, low-carbon concrete offers less structural strength compared to normal concrete. In addition, lightweight steel frames used for support the roof compromised further on structural

Individualism versus Collectivism Essay Example for Free

Individualism versus Collectivism Essay The concepts of individualism and collectivism apply to the description of societies and individuals within the society. Cultures vary in their levels of individualism/ collectivism while individuals within these specific cultures vary on the same dimension. Idiocentric and allocentric are constructs that are very important in differentiating consistent variations of an individual’s attitudes, beliefs, self-definition, normative behavior and self-definition. Individualism is termed as the person’s level of idiocentric while collectivism is the person’s level of allocentric (Udehn, 2001). Idiocentric individuals emphasize more on their own goals and needs over those of the group to which they belong. They are much independent and self-reliant. On the other hand, allocentric individuals tend to be more cooperative, interdependent and they also have a stronger desire to partner with others. In addition allocentric and idiocentric individuals differ in their source of intimacy and companionship to satisfy their several needs and to strengthen their self-esteem. For instance, idiocentric obtains their social support from peers and best friends while allocentrics obtain their social support from their parents. Individuals with allocentric tendencies have fewer daily but more in-depth discussions than individuals with idiocentric tendencies. People who express more allocentric or idiocentric tendencies vary in various ways. For instance, the people who tend to be more allocentric have good reliability and inter-correlation thus showing convergent validity. They are characterized with three main aspects which include individual to group goals, in-group as extension of the self and in-group identity. Individuals who are more idiocentric mainly use equity and need in distributing rewards. Individuals who are more allocentric mainly emphasize on the values of cooperation, fairness and honesty while individuals who are more idiocentric put much emphasis on values of comfortable life, competition, pleasure and social recognition. Persons who are allocentric receive much and better quality social support while those who are more idiocentric are usually higher in achievement motivation, alienation and greater loneliness. The difference between collective and individualist cultures is mainly based on self. In collectivist cultures, the self is more linked to in-group memberships while in individualist cultures; self-concept is obtained from independently groups which are based on the varying characteristics and contributions of the individual. In collectivists’ cultures, there is high adherence to the goals of the in-group and to in-group values and also the maintaining of in-group harmony (Lee Kelly 1996). In individualistic societies, the aims and the goals of a particular individual are more important and less significance is attached to in-group harmony. Nevertheless, individualism is mainly based on Western cultures while collectivism is related with Eastern cultures. Collectivistic cultures have lower rates of suicide, psychopathology and relatively higher marital satisfaction than individualistic cultures. I consider myself to be idiocentric. This is because I always concentrate on my own goals and achievement over those of the other people and I carry out my tasks independently. I normally display a different tendency towards the allocentric. For instance, in making purchase of luxury brands, I purchase goods for my own sake pleasures ad interests while the allocentric purchase the luxury brands only with an aim of seeking social recognition (McCarthy, 2005). As a result of these differences, conflict and misunderstanding emerges. This is because as a personally motivated consumer, I will purchase the luxury brands for self-interests while on the other hand an allocentric individual who is socially motivated will make the purchase of luxury brands with an aim of seeking social recognition.

Bessie Coleman :: essays research papers

Elizabeth â€Å"Bessie† Coleman was born on January 26, 1892 to Susan and George Coleman who had a large family in Texas. At the time of Bessie’s birth, her parents had already been married for seventeen years and already had nine children, Bessie was the tenth, and she would later have twelve brothers and sisters. Even when she was small, Bessie had to deal with issues about race. Her father was of African American and Cherokee Indian decent, and her mother was black which made it difficult from the start for her to be accepted. Her parents were sharecroppers and her life was filled with renter farms and continuous labor. Then, when Bessie was two, her father decided to move himself and his family to Waxahacie, Texas. He thought that it would offer more opportunities for work, if he were to live in a cotton town. While Bessie was young, and her older brothers and sisters started to work in the fields, Bessie took on some new responsibilities. She would now look after her sisters, and sometimes even help her mother in the garden. Bessie started school when she was six years old and walked four miles to school everyday. In school, she was very intelligent and excelled at math. Then, in 1901, when Bessie was nine, her life changed dramatically, her father George Coleman left his family. It was said that he was tired of the racial barriers that existed, and so he returned to Oklahoma (Indian Territory as it was called then) to search for better opportunities. When he was unable to convince his family to come with him, he left Susan and his family. Shortly thereafter, her older brothers also moved out, leaving Susan with four girls under the age of nine. This caused Susan to have to get a job, which she found very soon. She became a housekeeper for Mr. and Mrs. Jones, who allowed Susan to still li ve at home, and they would also give her food and other handed-down clothing. Since her mother was now at work, Bessie took on the responsibility of acting as a mother and a housekeeper. Every year at the cotton harvest, Bessie’s routine was changed because she now had to go out into the field and pick cotton for her family to be able to survive. This continued on until Bessie was twelve, and this was when she was accepted into the Missionary Baptist Church, where she completed all of her eight grades.

Racial self loathing in The Bluest Eye Essay

In â€Å"The Bluest Eye†, author Toni Morrison builds a story around the concept of racial self-hatred and how it comes to exist in the mind of a young child. â€Å"The Bluest Eye† deals directly with the individual psychology of the main character, Pecola Breedlove. So intense are Pecola’s feelings of self-loathing and inferiority that she would do anything to soothe them. In her young mind, she needs a miracle; she needs the bluest eyes. All of the tragedies in this novel can be directed back to one main issue, whiteness as a standard of beauty. This belief that white sets the standards for beauty is a major factor to the racial self-loathing, which occurred in America in the past as well as today. The show of racism through white beauty, and the desires of the black society to acquire this beauty, led to the destruction of many characters in this book. ‘The Bluest Eye† provides a description of the ways in which internalized white beauty standards disfigure the lives of black girls and women. Obvious messages that whiteness is superior are everywhere, for example the white baby doll given to Claudia, the praising of Shirley Temple, the fact that the light-skinned Maureen is cuter than the other black girls, the idealization of white beauty in the movies, and Pauline Breedlove’s preference for the little white girl she works for over her daughter. Adult women, having learned to hate the blackness of their own bodies, take this hatred out on their children Mrs. Breedlove shares the conviction that Pecola is ugly. The lighter-skinned Geraldine also curses Pecola’s blackness. Claudia remains free from this worship of whiteness, but she does realize that society does, imagining Pecola’s unborn baby as beautiful in its blackness. Morrison describes Claudia’s rage against this belief, while at the same time, shows the other characters being enveloped by this nonsense. This standard of beauty can be seen throughout the novel. But the book hints that once Claudia becomes older, she too will learn to hate herself, as if racial self-loathing was a necessity to be mature. Through the dark-skinned Pecola, Morrison constructs her as hiding her true feelings form everyone in the novel. Yet although Pecola hardly meets the  physical qualifications of light skin and â€Å"good† hair, she does possess the key emotional characteristics, which is a desire for white privilege and an increasing breakup from the black community but not from her family. Ensuring that we do not miss her point Morrison introduces â€Å"a high-yellow dream child† named Maureen Peal (Morrison 52). It’s the light-skinned Maureen who reveals Pecola’s connection with the traditional self-hating black. The person who suffers most from white beauty standards is, of course, Pecola. She connects beauty with being loved and believes that if she possesses blue eyes, the cruelty in her life will be replaced by affection and respect. To Pecola, blue eyes symbolize the beauty and happiness that she associates with the white, middle-class world. They also come to sym bolize her own blindness, for she gains blue eyes only at the cost of her sanity. Beauty and ugliness form the basis of black self-loathing. In simplest terms, blackness is linked to ugliness and therefore inferiority, while beauty is seen as a characteristic found only in whites. Also, white beauty becomes parallel with purity, and Pecola’s father Cholly imagines God as â€Å"a nice old white man, with long white hair, flowing white beard, and little blue eyes† (Morrison 134). Of the few whites that appear in The Bluest Eye, none can even approach this idealized white beauty. White beauty, therefore, exists as an ideal and not a reality, a goal to which even white people can only hope. Morrison portrays this impossibility by adding the Dick and Jane passages showing what white people as well as black people should aspire to. They should live and act how the characters of â€Å"Dick and Jane† do, but it is evidential that it is impossible. The men in the story react to the racial self-hatred in different ways. Cholly believes what all blacks think of race; the whiter you are the more beautiful you are. By all rights, we should hate him, given that he rapes his daughter. But Morrison explains in her afterword that she did not want to destroy her characters, even those who destroy one another, and she succeeds in making Cholly a sympathetic figure. He has experienced much suffering, having been abandoned as a baby and having suffered humiliation at the hands of white men. He is also capable of pleasure and even joy, in  the experience of eating a watermelon or touching a girl for the first time. He is capable of violence but is also vulnerable, as when two white men violate him by forcing him to perform sexually for their amusement and when he defecates in his pants after encountering his father. Cholly represents a negative form of freedom. He is not free to love and be loved, but he is free to have sex and fight and even kill. He falls apart when this freedom becomes a complete lack of interest in life, and he reaches for his daughter to remind himself that he is alive. Soaphead Church’s family is proud of its white heritage and light skin and thinks of itself as superior to darker skinned and less educated blacks. He is a religious hypocrite light skinned Indian who hates all kind of human touch but the one of touching little girls. Being a pedophile he gives little girls money and candy for him to touch them. He believes that he is religiously higher than everyone and compared himself to god once he helps Pecola â€Å"get her blue eyes†. He is a very malignant character that will go through anything to prove to himself and others that he is better then them because of race and because of his actions. In conclusion racial self-loathing corrodes the lives of the characters from â€Å"The Bluest Eye†. Characters such as Cholly, Maureen, and Soaphead church abused Pecola. To recognize themselves in Pecola is to show their own degradation. Desperate to avoid this painful truth, blacks put as much distance between themselves and Pecola by humiliating her. Yet in the process of victimizing Pecola, they also victimize themselves and their race by contributing to the use of racial self-hatred.

Historical Vacation in Nevada Essay

At present, Nevada is one of the largest and the best states in the U. S. Visiting this state simply means not finding a shortage of action. Nevada is one of the only places in the States where it is possible to perform morning ski world-class runs and afternoon world-class green walks. Nevada is also famous for Tahoe Rim Trail, Truckee River, Sand Mountain, and world-class shows and dines and world-famous casino and resorts. Aside from these, Nevada is also a state rich in culture and history. This is the reason why with my time machine, I decided to visit Nevada with my History professor. I chose to visit Nevada with my History professor because I thought that he is the best person who can help me understand special places and people in this state. However, with so many periods and so many places to explore, I asked my History professor, where should we begin? Historical Vacation in Nevada I had quite a long discussion with my professor about the places, period, and events to visit. After a long discussion, we both agreed to take my time machine and go back to the 19th century where some of the famous Nevadans, in the field of politics and arts, existed. For our first destination, my professor asked me to set my time machine to the 19th century. With a wink of an eye, we landed on a very beautiful place. I was very surprised to see mansions, 19th century houses, imported furniture, stylish fashion which seem to have come from the Orient and Europe. I had the impression that this place was a very boisterous town. I asked my professor if he knows this place. At first, he didn’t have any idea until we saw gold in the hills and dollars being made. I saw my professor’s eyes widened while saying â€Å"We are in Virginia City, Nevada! † We walked around the beautiful town and we saw a man walking on the street. My professor’s face brightened up and he told me that this man is a very important man in the history. I looked at the man’s face and realized that I saw it once in one of my history books. I suddenly remembered; this man is none other than William Morris Stewart! My professor explained that Mr. William Morris Stewart was one of the participants in the mining litigation in Virginia City, Nevada in 1860. He also helped and played a big role in the Comstock Lode’s development. Nevada became a state in 1864 and Mr. Stewart helped in the development of the State’s constitution (Smith, 1943). However, his role in the state as a politician and lawyer had always been very controversial. He was accused by his opponents of bribing juries and judges (Plazak, 2006). Despite this, Mr. Stewart was still elected as a Republican in the United States Senate in 1864 and served until 1875. He was again elected to the United States Senate in 1887 and was reelected in 1893 and again in 1899. During his term in the Senate, Mr. Stewart co-authored or drafted important legislation, including land reclamation laws and mining acts. However, he became famous for authoring the 15th Amendment to the US Constitution in 1868. This amendment promotes the protection of people’s voting rights regardless of color, race, or previous servitude condition. It was a great pleasure to learn about the contributions of Mr. William Morris Stewart but of course, it was really a great pleasure to experience visiting Virginia City. We went back to my time machine and went to a slightly different setting but also in the same period, the 19th century. When we landed, what I saw was not at all as beautiful as what I saw in Virginia City. I had the impression that we were in a ghost town. It was so dusty, hot, humid, and all I could smell was dust. I asked my professor where we were and he told me that were in Goldfield, one of the important cities of Nevada. I was surprised because it was so different from the Goldfield I know of during my time. While wandering in this ghost town-like place, we saw Mr. George Wingfield, the man behind the Nevada business mining camps. Once again, my History professor explained that Mr. Wingfield converted the useless mines of Nevada into great mines. He was one of the greatest organizers that put mining companies into operation (Time US, 1937). My professor further explained that Mr. Wingfield’s first mining venture in the State was in Golconda copper mines. It was a hard time for him as he was practically stripped off and had a gold fever but he was not discouraged. He was also the man behind the fight against the Western Federation of Miners and Industrial Workers of the World. These two organizations controlled the situations in the mine and George Wingfield was so determined to go against the orders and he succeeded, giving freedom to majority of miners in the mines. Again, it was a pleasure for me to know that Mr. George Wingfield was behind the success of Goldfield. For our last destination, my professor decided to go to early 20th century of Reno. I was so fascinated to see that Reno in the early 20th century was not at all so different from the Reno I know of. I was entertained by the peculiar neon marquees as they cast an outlandish nighttime glow on Nevada’s ever famous Truckee River. From a distance where my professor and I were standing, we could see the hotel towers as they punctuate the high-desert setting of the city between the arid Great Basin and the Sierra Nevada’s eastern slope. However, what I won’t forget about this early 20th century to Reno is my encounter with Mr. Robert Cole Naples, one of the famous painters of the USA. My professor and I agree that he had contributed a lot in the American art. References Smith, Grant. (1943). The History of the Comstock Lode. Univ. of Nevada Bulletin, 37(3), 69. Plazak. Dan. (2006). A Hole in the Ground with a Liar at the Top. Univ. of Utah Press 10: 0-87480-840-5, 26-27. Time US. (1937). King George. Retrieved 04 May 2009 from .

Investing in Technology and Education to Sustain Economic Growth

Investing in Technology and Education to Sustain Economic Growth Free Online Research Papers IMPORTANCE OF INVESTMENT IN TECHNOLOGY AND EDUCATION BY THE UAE FOR SUSTAINED ECONOMIC GROWTH Annotated Bibliography Khateeb, F. B., Darrat, A. F. and Elkhal, K. (2007),† The UAE growth surge: have information technology and human capital contributed?†, Studies in Economics and Finance, Vol. 24, No. 4, pp. 297-306. Khateeb et al (2007) discuss in their paper the impact of the investment in technology and education on economic growth in the UAE. They conclude that the investment in education and IT is essential for UAE in order to sustain economic growth in the long run. Khateeb et al (2007) indicate that the UAE has been experiencing a tremendous real growth rate of approximately 10% since 2002, which is even better than the 5% real growth rate which it was achieving in the mid 1990s. The authors point out that this has been mainly been possible due to the huge oil and gas reserves of the country. However, the authors also acknowledge the fact that the UAE has made huge investments in the educational as well as IT sector. According to Solow (1956) exogenous technological innovation is a primary growth factor and on the other hand, according to the endogenous model of Romer (1986) and Barro (1991), internal factors such as education and human capital play a significant role in the growth process. Hence, the authors feel that the UAE has taken steps as suggested by the Solow model and the endogenous model of growth in order to sustain long term growth. The authors in their paper then carry out various regression and calculations to present a better picture of the contribution of human capital accumulation and technological innovation as factors of economic growth in UAE. The authors find out that though both the factors are important for the long term growth, human capital accumulation seems to play a pivotal role for the economic growth. The authors convey that they are not surprised with this result as, according to them, a lot of previous theories and researches have shown that investment in education is an important prerequisite for the adoption of computer-based technologies. The authors then carry out the same calculations to get some results for the short run. However, they fail to find any correlation between the two factors and economic growth in the short run. The authors seem satisfied with this result and in fact say that they expected such results. â€Å"This finding should not be surprising since, human capital and IT are slow to bring in their full effect on economic growth† (Khateeb, Darrat and Elkhal, 2007, p. 303). They give an example of the US, a country which invested heavily in human capital accumulation and IT innovation in the 1970s and only started reaping the benefits of doing so in the mid 90s (Jalava and Pohjola, 2005). The authors conclude saying that human capital accumulation and technological innovation are pivotal for the economical growth of UAE in the long run, with human capital accumulation being the more dominant factor. Also, the authors shed their concerns that the government might not invest in these fields as they believe the government of UAE might get deceived by the fact that these factors don’t result in immediate results and as a result might stop investing in these sectors. Research Papers on Investing in Technology and Education to Sustain Economic GrowthIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalPETSTEL analysis of IndiaInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesCapital PunishmentMind TravelResearch Process Part OneAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaDefinition of Export QuotasOpen Architechture a white paperStandardized Testing

King Leonidas of Sparta and the Battle at Thermopylae

King Leonidas of Sparta and the Battle at Thermopylae Leonidas was a 5th century B.C. military king of the Greek city-state of Sparta. He is most well known for bravely leading a small force of Greeks, including the famous 300 Spartans, along with a few hundred Thespians and Thebans against the much larger Persian army of Xerxes, at the pass of ​Thermopylae in 480 B.C. during the Persian Wars. Family Leonidas was the third son of Anaxandridas II of Sparta. He belonged to the Agiad Dynasty. The Agiad Dynasty claimed to be decedents of Heracles. Thus, Leonidas is considered a decedent of Heracles. He was the half-brother of the late  King Cleomenes I of Sparta. Leonidas was crowned King after the death of his half-brother. Cleomenes died of a suspected suicide. Leonidas was made king because Cleomenes had died without a son or another, closer male relative to serve as a suitable heir and reign as his successor. There was also another tie between Leonidas and his half-brother Cleomenes: Leonidas was also married to Cleomenes only child, the wise  Gorgo, Queen of Sparta. Battle of Thermopylae Sparta received a request from the confederated Greek forces to help in defending and protecting Greece against the Persians, who were powerful and invading. Sparta, led by Leonidas, visited the Delphic oracle who prophesized  that either Sparta would be destroyed by the invading Persian army, or the king of Sparta would lose his life. The Delphic Oracle is said to have made the following prophecy: For you, inhabitants of wide-wayed Sparta,Either your great and glorious city must be wasted by Persian men,Or if not that, then the bound of Lacedaemon must mourn a dead king, from Heracles line.The might of bulls or lions will not restrain him with opposing strength; for he has the might of Zeus.I declare that he will not be restrained until he utterly tears apart one of these. Faced with a decision, Leonidas chose the second option. He was not willing to let the city of Sparta be wasted by the Persian forces. Thus, Leonidas led his army of 300 Spartans and soldiers from other city-states to face Xerxes in Thermopylae in August of 480 BC. It is estimated that the troops under Leonidas’ command numbered about 14,000, while the Persian forces consisted of hundreds of thousands. Leonidas and his troops fended off the Persian attacks for seven days straight, including three days of intense battle, while killing off large numbers of enemy troops. The Greeks even held off the Persian’s elite Special Forces known as ‘The Immortals.’ Two of Xerxes brothers were killed by Leonidas’ forces in battle. Eventually, a local resident betrayed the Greeks and exposed a back route of attack to the Persians. Leonidas was aware that his force was going to be flanked and taken over, and thus dismissed the vast majority of the Greek army rather than suffer more high casualties. Leonidas himself, however, remained behind and defended Sparta with his 300 Spartan soldiers and some other remaining Thespians and Thebans. Leonidas was killed in the resulting battle.

Risk and Portfolio Context Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Risk and Portfolio Context - Essay Example Risk is a core element of investment and is inseparable from investment function. According to investment theories and actual practices, it is evident that there is no possibility of return over the investment without the assumption of risk in that investment by the investor. A conscious and willing assumption of risk by a knowing investor, expecting to earn a measure of return, lies at the heart of investment process (Sedleck, 2008, pp.1). Webster defines risk as â€Å"the possibility of loss or injury† (Sedleck, 2008, pp.3), in investment risk is the possibility of monetary loss through the loss in value of the investment instrument. Risk is a subjective measure with many possible definitions. This is because different investors adopt different investment strategies to attain their investment objective. Therefore, the subjectivity of the risk is its only main characteristic. It is an unavoidable function of investment, intelligent investment strategies can help to reduce it but nothing can help to ignore, negate or make risk zero (Sedleck, 2008, pp.3). Types of Investment Risk Investment risks are of two types systematic and unsystematic, however, they hole various other kind of risk in these two head branches of risk. The risks associated with investments are as follows: Systematic Risk It is the market risk, related to the factors the complete market economy or securities market. This kind of risk is beyond the control of the investor. As it is a market risk, it affects all the companies in the market irrespective of the company financial position, capital structure and management position. It involves domestic and international factors, depending upon the kind of investment (FINRA, 2013). Types of Systematic Risks Interest rate risk is the risk that due to change in interest rate over time will result in value of security going down (FINRA, 2013). Inflation Risk is the risk of decrease in purchasing power due to increase in prices of goods and services and cost of living (FINRA, 2013). Currency Risk arises due to world currency floating against each oth er. The reason for this risk is the change in exchange rate. Change in exchange rate can affect the return on a foreign currency investment in positive as well as negative way. This risk occurs only in circumstances of investment in international securities and funds (FINRA, 2013). Liquidity Risk is the risk that an investor might not be able to purchase and sale investments quickly at the price that is close to the actual underlying value of that investment. It is higher in over the counter markets and small-capitalization stock (FINRA, 2013). In case of foreign investment the timing of dealings, market size and number of listed companies can affect an investor’s ability to buy or sell foreign investment (FINRA, 2013). Socio-political Risk is the risk of adverse effect of instability and unrest in one or more region of the world on the investment market (FINRA, 2013). Defence against Systematic Risks An investor’s defence against systematic risk is the strategy of ass et allocation. This strategy dictates that the investor should build an investment portfolio with such investments that react differently to same economic factors. It involves investing in bonds as well as

Rainbow Design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Rainbow Design - Essay Example Rainbow Design appears to be a rather fluid organization, considering that it is involved in supplying a highly creative, uniquely designed service product.     Such firms cannot rely on organizational structures that are more appropriate for batch processing, standardized products. There are three general organizational structures: the functional, the divisional, and the matrix organizations. The functional organization, the most traditional of the three, is structured according to business functions, while the divisional organization may be organized along product, customer or geographic divisions. The matrix organization, on the other hand, has the flexibility of an overlap of functional and divisional forms. (Bateman & Snell, 2005, pp. 257-262). A diagram of the typical matrix organization follows on next page: In the Rainbow Design firm, it is apparent that persons each performing a separate function were grouped together to accomplish one web design project for a single customer. The group is composed of a junior content designer (Laura), and account manager (Teresa), a technical developer (John), and a creative director (Amber). In the above diagram, the group relationship could be exemplified by the lowest row, where three staff positions (Laura, Teresa and John) and one project manager (Amber) are grouped together to accomplish one project. The greatest advantage of the matrix organization is the exploration of synergies among creative individuals working at the same project such as in Rainbow Design, simplifying communication and enhancing coordination among them. Rainbow’s personnel work in groups, a group being â€Å"Any number of people who interact with each other, are psychologically aware of each other, and who perceive themselves to be a group† (Schein) and â€Å"who interact to fulfil a common goal† (Bowditch & Buono). Within the Rainbow Design matrix organization, groups called project teams become the vehicle by which the design product is created. A team is simply a group with a specific work purpose, and for Rainbow the work purpose is the creation of a web design to the client’s liking.  

Response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 22

Response - Essay Example Others like watching television for lengthy periods and spend a lot of time talking about it with their friends at school. From my expectations, I expected to see a full time commitment. On the other hand, the other thing that I did not expect to see is some form of discrimination against my friend and I. Although this did not bother me much, I expected to experience fairness and equal treatment of individuals. I came to find out that it was because of my race. Moreover, partying is a central part of the Boston students, which interrupts most of the students’ learning activities. However, in spite of that, the tutors are good to my friend and me. If we seek any type of clarification, the teachers are ready to assist. This makes learning easier for us and has given us the appropriate morale. Although there are some unfavorable situations, we will concentrate with our studies because it was like that when we got

If We Were Superheroes Philosophy Essay

If We Were Superheroes Philosophy Essay I always grew up looking up to superheroes, I loved super heroes. They saved the world more than once and always had a solution for a problem, but what they never do is give up, something that we as teenagers and adults still havent learned. Just imagine, what Saturday mornings would look like if our superheroes gave up? Someone would say LOOK! A HUGE asteroid the size of TEXAS is hurling toward Earth! Help us Superman and he would say I seem to be having a difficulty day-you see global warming has caused the hole in the ozone to release kryptonite and I am just not up to it! Nowadays if we encounter any problem that we feel we cannot endure, our 1st option is to give up and quit. Author Johnny James said, in his book Never Give UP à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦We must have a strong determination to persevere unto the end. The race is not to the swift all the time, nor is the battle to the strong. When it seems as though there is no need in even trying again, this is the time that we should never g ive up. In order for us not to quit we must first look at why we quit, some asteroids that do come our way and some super spidey solutions to help ourselves from making this decision. As a freshman, high school was going to be very different. New people, new school, and new challenges to face, being called a fish, bullied and the list goes on and on but I was unaware of the circumstances where my only option given, was to quit. I clearly remember close friends of mines telling me that I wouldnt be able to do well in debate. My first response was very rude including a couple of colorful words that could easily get me disqualified. Yet, I realized that the answer was not to quit, but to try even harder and try to accept that there is room, room for improvement. Quitting would only stop me from growing. So, I tried harder and did improve tremendously, and I had a great year. Even though Im nowhere near the best, I smelled a sense of accomplishment in the air and thought to ponder, why do people give up? The answer was pretty simple. The reason why we quit is simply because of the fact that we think we are unable to survive the circumstances ahead of us, but the stren gth to fight is inside of us. We just refuse to unleash the beast and let the green hulk take over. Instead, we sit there like people who have nothing better to do than to eat in front of their televisions and decide that the rest of the world doesnt exist. As Frank Lloyd Wright had once said I know the price of success: dedication, hard work, and an unremitting devotion to the things you want to see happen. The 2nd riches man in the 1900s once said, It is easy to dodge our responsibilities, but we cannot dodge the consequences of dodging our responsibilities. Superheros have taken their responsibility and fulfilled it to its fullest extent. However we choose to dodge our efforts and decide to stop trying. Walt- Disney was turned down 302 times before actually being financed, and look at the success that Walt Disney has reached today! One of the greatest men in history, Albert Einstein didnt do great at first either. Albert Einstein did not speak until he was four years old and didnt read until he was seven. His teacher described him as mentally slow, unsociable and adrift forever in his foolish dreams. He was expelled and refused admittance to Zurich Polytechnic School. The University of Bern turned down his Ph.D. dissertation as being irrelevant and fanciful. Imagine what would have happened if he did give up? You must believe in yourself-even if all those around you doubt you and in your ability to rise from within the insanity in which your life now finds itself and to stand tall against the obstacles and challenges within your life-and you will conquer all that you believe cannot be conquered and all that which you believed you had lost within your life. When we give up, we are a failure. Giving up on everything you have is going to leave you with nothing at all. In the same book I mentioned before; Author Johnny James stated once again, Those who give up in the race are never rewarded because quitters are never rewarded for quitting. Like the superheroes had a solution for every problem, there are some super spidey things we can do not to quit and truly achieve. Author Christine McGogy, in her aricle6 ways to never give up, gives us six step-by-step instructions, on how to not give up. The first thing to do, is keep an open mind, when you keep an open mind, you allow yourself to be open to more ideas, Once you say, I quit you basically are closing off your mind from any more ways to getting closer to your end result and having any breakthroughs. The 2nd step is trials and errors, you have to remember that you made an effort and tried, if you didnt like your result, you should try to change your actions, to get a better result. The 3rd thing to do is to is to realize that the questions, are the answer, When you run out of ideas its time to start asking [yourself] question Questions such as what can I do differently or what else can I do to improve myself. For extra effectiveness, try writing the question(s) down. Ask yourself the questions before you go to sleep at night and often times the answers will come the next day as your brain had time to think about it while you were sleeping! the 4th step is Guidance, Who can help you? Is there somebody that has already achieved the same goal? Find them and ask them what they did to get there. Asking doesnt cost anything. And guess what, chances are these people werent always doing great at first. The difference is that they kept going however small the action seemed at the time. Once you have the determination to persist until you get what you want, you will become more confident in yourself as well. She also reminds us that according to the 5th step, to make sure we arent making up excuses to stop ourselves from making this decision. And last, but not least, Picture it! In order for your goal to actually be a reality, can force you to zoom past your comfort zone, but keep focusing on the benefit of your goal to push yourself further along. Take a minute whenever you feel overwhelmed and DREAM about your goal! I have personally thought about quitting speech and debate because of many reasons, but when I sit back and think about my dreams, it just encourages me to try even harder. Walt Disney always said, If you can dream it, you can do it! Problems come and go in life but we, like the superheroes, should face our problems and find a solution no matter how big the problem is. By giving up we dont unleash the beast within, instead we unleash the wimp within. We hide and runaway-thinking things will be better, but they always end up following us, wherever we go. Superheroes are the coolest, smartest, and most wise people you can ever find. Despite them not being real, they give us real guidance. They do the most extraordinary things and teach us great lessons, some ranging from believing in you to never quitting. I encourage you to always keep an open mind and never give up There are a million reasons for you to quit, but if you can find one reason not to quit, dont make the decision. Some asteroids will come our way, but they wont destroy my Saturday morning, in stead my Saturday morning will be about my dream, my hopes, and ultimately my will, my will to never give up; even in the hardest of times.

Piracy :: essays research papers

Piracy Recently, The Toronto Star published an article entitled "RCMP seizes BBS, piracy charges pending." The RCMP have possessed all computer components belonging to the "90 North" bulletin board system in Montreal, Quebec. The board is accused of allowing people the opportunity to download (get) commercial and beta (or commercial) software versions. I feel that the RCMP should not charge people that are linked to computer piracy, because the pirated software offers valuable opportunity to programmers and users. Also, revenue lost to the large software companies is such a small amount that the effect won't be greatly felt by them and so it is not worth the policing effort required to track down the pirates. When pirates distribute the illegal software, one could say that they are helping, than hurting the software companies. By distributing the software world wide, it creates great advertisement for the software companies and their products. Although the software company is losing profits from that particular version, it could generate future sales with other versions. Also, when the pirates distribute the software this could be a great source of test data for the software companies. This is an effective way to catch any unfounded bugs in the software program. From debugging to hacking, hackers can benefit the most. They can study and learn from the advancements with in the programming. So what does all this activity tell us? This tells us the people are willing to go to great lengths to get software at a lower cost, or possibly in exchange for other software and that they are succeeding in their efforts. Although more than 50% of their software income is from other companies which do not pirate, this poses a problem for the software industries. By fining a single bulletin board out of the thousands in North America, there would be little accomplished. Not to mention the fact the it is extremely difficult to prove and convict people under the Copyright Act. In today's society, revenue from software is such a small income source for corporations such as WordPerfect Corp. These companies make their money mainly from individuals purchasing extra manuals, reference material, supplementary hardware, and calling product support. Software companies are conscious of the pirate world and the changes they have made. Some companies actually want you to take the software by using the SHAREWARE concept. In SHAREWARE one gets a chance to use demo programs and then pay for the full purchase if he feels it is worthwhile. It is a bit like test driving a car, before one buys. In most cases, users are happy and end up

Interactive Lecture Essay

What is interactive lecture? An interactive lecture is an easy way for instructors to intellectually engage and involve students as active participants in a lecture-based class of any size. Interactive lectures are classes in which the instructor breaks the lecture at least once per class to have students participate in an activity that lets them work directly with the material. * The instructor might begin the interactive segment with an engagement trigger that captures and maintains student attention. * Then the instructor incorporates an activity that allows students to apply what they have learned or give them a context for upcoming lecture material. * As the instructor feels more comfortable using interactive techniques he or she might begin to call upon a blend of various interactive techniques all in one class period. Why use interactive lecture? Lecturing is a time-honored teaching technique that is an efficient method to present large amounts of content in classes of any size and it is efficient for sharing information with large numbers of students, but may result in students who listen passively. * Making lectures interactive by including techniques such as think-pair-share, demonstrations, and role playing, can foster active engagement and enhance the value of the lecture segments. * Using techniques that allow all of the students to participate, instead of having individual students answer questions when called on, will promote student retention and learning of the material presented during lecture, give students practice in developing critical-thinking skills, and enable instructors to assess how well the class is learning that day. * Breaking up the lecture with these techniques not only provides format change to engage students, these activities allow students to immediately apply content and provides feedback to the instructor on student Activity Based Teaching Strategies The education on activity based teaching strategies Promotes teaching and learning strategies for learning activities, students work and provide opportunities for real life so they can contribute to self-learning and this strategy can be used to investigate the family situation, or discover an argument and the depth the sharpness. Examples of activity based teaching strategies, as follows: – The excursion – Games to make oral presentations – Discussion of the training group – innovative learning through projects The concept of learning The activities are part of the President of the elements of the program strategy and education are also important for other learning strategies and modern media: â€Å"The efforts of physical or mental exertion students (and teachers) to achieve this result, the following defines as â€Å"learning by students apply to intentional activity, and the deliberate and planned† He knew the work and activities â€Å"a student or students responsible for planning, the teacher’s request or desire of the classroom or outside resources, and in the form of movement or say or write according to the source of the accident the conduct in the place of activity to stop. For us it is clear that the task of wages, and reached a low with a test product, and it is necessary that the timing of how success is possible to reach the exit, but the educational activity, whether the teacher did and learning activities is done with the students and the educational activity is a means of learning activities can be educational and various learning activities, but teaching and learning activities with learning activities based on strategic problems of combined measures. Components of practice: It consists of activities in the preparation and planning of six elements: 1. Help 2. Time 3. Objective: The production, which aims to 4. Standard Admission 5. Calendar 6. Working (active substance) Benefits and advantages of activity based teaching strategies Learning by students through activity based teaching strategies on experience you get is of great importance because the education sector, with many goals and the advantages and benefits: †¢ increasing the student’s attention and willingness to respond to the educational settings †¢ Guide the development trend of students and their needs and develop their talents and the direction of education is correct. †¢ Provide real opportunities for students to self-study, where the benefits of the teaching learning situations in their future. †¢ lead to the strengthening of the independence †¢ Work in cooperative learning †¢ encourage students to take responsibility for their own learning †¢ Move the student to reluctance to exercise and respect for manual labor The role of students in the development and use of learning activities based. The role of students to do different things, including: 1. Their personal interests 2. Participate in educational objectives 3. Developing good organizational skills to keep unions 4. Involved in the program flow 5. Demonstrate enthusiasm for seeking new knowledge 6. In collaboration with other The teacher role in the development and use of activity based teaching strategies. Located in the role of the teacher in developing the strategy of education by â€Å"learning and the most important things the teacher must first of a activity based teaching strategies, as follows: 1. The planning and preparation for 2. Identify outcomes 3. Having noted the outcomes of learning using appropriate strategies such as the agenda: report or wish to evaluate the stairs 4. Choose the right activities and stimulating for students 5. Mechanisms within the group 6. Promote cooperation in carrying out activities Activity based teaching strategies describes a range of pedagogical approaches to teaching. Its core premises include the requirement that learning should be based on doing some hands on experiments and activities. The idea of activity based teaching strategies is rooted in the common notion that children are active learners rather than passive recipients of information. If child is provided the opportunity to explore by their own and provided an optimum learning environment.

Maritas Bargain Essay

Marita’s Bargain to be Success In this essay I am going to discuss the topic about to become a success Marita’s bargain by Malcolm Gladwell. Malcolm Gladwell talk about a young twelve years old Hispanic girl named Marita who come from a poverty stricken community single parent family at home in the New York city from the Bronx who has been deprived the opportunity for a better education from low income minority settings surrounding her. In addition Gladwell also talks about how Marita was given an opportunity to attend a KIPP school making a life changing sacrifice and more advantage of it. KIPP is that kind of school who stands for knowledge is power program, a learning academy helping low income family kids educate themselves through hard work, effort, more practice, dedication their time, weekend studies and also long term of schooling unlike those in the low income neighborhoods. Marita’s family could not give her or help her what she needed, so what does equ ality exist in the U.S? According to Malcolm Gladwell KIPP schools were designed to help educate low income family children to better their skill in reading, writing and mathematics. The KIPP schools would be inconvenient for kids without transportation weekend school that kids was not accustomed to summer vacation would be shortened for the kids educational development keeping their minds growing while others was out of school during that time. I think student not having a fair share at equal opportunity in the school system shows that their is no equality within U.S, we not asking to take away from the affected areas. From my opinion Jonathan Kozol would say to Gladwell about Marita needed to go to the KIPP School cause of she needs to get a better education system who comes from low income and uneducated family  background. To be a success of a student firstly he or she needs a big support from school. KIPP is that kind of school where students can learn feel free. They take care of their students specially who are weak in reading, writing and mathematics. KIPP shows students correct path and dedicate their knowledge, time to give them a better education by shortened summer vacation become success of a student in his student life to get a better educate. Marita’s mom was like that parent who asked everyday her daughter after coming back from school. Would be Kozol knew it that’s why he recommended Marita needs to go to KIPP for a better educate. On the other hand I would like to say from my concept about according to Prudence L. Carter would say to Malcolm Gladwell that Marita needed to go to KIPP school and to shed parts of her cultural identity because the KIPP is stablished in the poor neighborhood and most of the students are from the same neighborhood who are poor as well by so many ways. As like as low income family, single parent, uneducated environment, identical contingency etceteras etceteras. â€Å"Marita has had to do the same because the cultural legacy she had been given does not match her circumstance either- not when middle- and upper-middle-class families are using weekends and summer vacation to push their children ahead. Her community does not give her what she needs† the story of success by Gladwell (266). I would like to say specially the reason of above for what she needs to go to KIPP. Because KIPP is that kind of school to be a success of Marita what she needs KIPP can give her. The KIPPâ€℠¢s intention or aim is to make their students skilled and success in reading, writing and also in mathematics. According to Gladwell, I think it is kind of necessary someone be forced to shed their cultural identity in order to receive a great education. For example, the U.S commissioner of education published a report by Edward Jarvis on the â€Å"Relation of Education to Insanity† (253). I would like to say here relation of a light to darkness. If there is no darkness the light is valueless. I mean light only need when the dark is present. As like as the same relation to each other cultural identity to get a great education. A child grow up in a culture and he or she learn a lot from here about good- bad, their relation with other, their circumstance,  family status in the society, their identity and so on. A culture is the source of knowledge so it is very important to a child for his or her future life what depend on also to get a better education too. Here from my opinion also according to Malcolm Gladell everybody must have access to great education, one that prepares them for college and allows them to go to school near their homes in order to maintain a sense of their family and cultural identity. For example, specially their mental circumstance in the school. Because of the students known their city where the grown up and can show their friends the cool places. They do not have to worry about new places, new friends, environments and so on. Also unknown places has different identity than the home town. The students feel absence their family, friends, assist when the get sick etceteras. If the students live with their family in their home city whatever they need to get a big support and also get motivate from behind to do better and get a great education to the school a family and cultural identity can make them skillful and can over come any problem to conquer success. At last, I am very sure that dealing with this issue is really hard especially under this circumstance who grown up and try to be success in their life. The perfect environment is the priority advantage to become success and can give us necessary instruments in perfect time whenever we need to get better education. Not only that to become a successful in life every student hove to hard work, over efforting, dedicate their time, focus on the work, punctuality and so on then success truly comes.

Civil War Spies essays

Civil War Spies essays In the Civil War, spies helped turned many battles around by infiltrating the lines of control and getting vital information. As the war progressed, since both sides knew it was not an easy win, action was taken to improve the efforts of the war. One of the efforts being done was spying. As soon as the role of spying took over, this war became to be known as an information war. Many wondered how in the beginning the Southern had won the first Battle of the Bull Run in Manassas. It was because of the spying being done by the Confederacy. The development of spying trends began in the south. The Confederacy implemented a plan to the Secretary of State and Secretary of War and they approved it which then later brought a government spying agency known as the Signal Bureau (Markle 6). General T. J. Jackson was the first to deploy his own spy to gather information on the Unions (Markle 8). While the Unions thought it is an easy win by having more men, they were sadly mistaken. The spy instructed T. J. Jackson in getting more reinforcements and suggested a different route so they could attack by surprise in a disparate direction. When the battle was won by the Confederacy, it spawned a new evolution of how war was played. More spies were recruited and were instructed to gather more information. However, when the Unions learned of the souths tactics, they began to assemble one of their own group the Secret Service (Markle 6). The spies of the Secret Service were plenty but poorly trained and inexperienced. The Signal Bureau had more knowledge of spying in the beginning of the war but lacked spy volunteers. Although, those volunteers didnt spy for money, they did to prove their loyalty to their own states (Civil War Spies). Those that wanted to join in the Secret Service werent always admitted. The Secret Service had requirements to match your abilities. They would interview you by generals and doctors. First...